Every April 25th in Portugal is Dia da Liberdade (Freedom Day), a national holiday commemorating the overthrow of the Estato Novo (New State) regime, after nearly half a century of increasingly moribund but still lethal rule. How moribund? Progenitor, avatar and all around sine qua non of Estato Novo, the dictator António de Oliveira Salazar was actually removed from power by his seconds in 1968, following a cerebral hemorrhage and resultant coma. When he awoke, inconveniently  lucid, after a month, they decided to just… not tell him about the change, and Salazar remained in charge, in his own head, until his death in 1970.

The dictatorship itself limped on until 1974, when a military coup unexpectedly engendered a mass popular civil resistance campaign dubbed the Carnation Revolution, for  the protesters tactic of placing carnations in the gun barrel and on the lapels of soldiers they encountered. Exactly a year after the toppling of  Estato Novo, on April 25th 1975, Portugal held its first free election to draft the constitution that is still in effect today.

Portugal’s emergence from decades of dictatorship marked the start of a remarkable national efflorescence that has now lasted as long the ossified period that preceded it - and has likewise profoundly influenced  almost every facet of society - from literature to tourism to cuisine to, of course, wine. April is Carnation celebration season in other words, the ideal time to spotlight this one particular corner of a world we too often forget is still in bloom.

Wine-wise, Portugal is most famous for Port of course, the venerable fortified wine made in the Douro Valley, established as an official wine region in 1756, making it the third oldest in the world, after Chianti (1716) and Tokaj (1730.) One of the most famous names in the area is Niepoort, founded by Dutch transplant Francis Franciscus Marius van der Niepoort in 1842 in Porto, and today one of only three remaining family owned port houses in the world. Dirk Niepoort, born in 1964 and currently at the helm,  represents the first generation of the family to have come of age in democratic Portugal, and he he has used his relative  freedom to become one of the most visionary winemakers in the country, expanding the family name and business into the world of dry wines. In the late 1980s, Dirk convinced his father to let him purchase Quinta de Nápoles, one of the oldest wineries in the region, and Quinta do Carril with their 60-year-old vineyards. He also began a lifelong quest to purchase old-vine vineyards with the express purpose of making unfortified wines – a move that was considered practically revolutionary at the time. In 1991 he released his first Douro dry wine, Redoma Tinto. Our white wine this month is Redoma Branco, organically made from old vines on the right bank of the Douro River.

Our red selection comes from ones of the oldest wineries in Portugal, located in Evora, a sub-region of Alentejo, in the south-central part of the country. There have vineyards on Adega Cartuxa (Cartuxa Winery)’s land since 1517, when the Jesuits founded Portugal's 2nd oldest university. Next door, the Carthusians he built their namesake Cartuxa Monastery between 1587 and 1598. After both  were expelled from the country, the Portuguese government took over the sites and they fell into disuse until 1871, when they were rescued from ruin by the Eugénio de Almeida clan, a prominent Portuguese family. In addition to revitalizing and expanding the vineyard holdings, Vasco Maria Eugénio de Almeida (1913-1975) founded the Fundação Eugénio de Almeida, a charitable foundation responsible for developing many important social and cultural organizations across the region including Évora University, hospitals, social housing and numerous welfare institutions. The wines themselves remain legendary in Portugal, and the Cartuxa Colheita Tinto, a blend of three indigenous reds, is one full-bodied, lush, well-articulated reason why.